Understanding Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

What is PAD?

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs—most often your legs. This reduced blood flow is usually due to the buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) on the artery walls.

Why is it Important?

  • Reduced Mobility: Decreased blood flow can cause pain or cramping in the legs (often during walking), which can limit daily activities.

  • Health Implications: PAD may signal a higher risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, or heart attack. Early detection and treatment are crucial.

Common Symptoms

  • Leg pain or cramping (especially during activity)

  • Numbness or weakness in the legs

  • Coldness in the lower leg or foot, particularly when compared with the other side

  • Sores or wounds on the feet or legs that do not heal

  • A change in the color of your legs

Risk Factors

  • Smoking

  • Diabetes

  • High blood pressure

  • High cholesterol

  • Family history of vascular disease

  • Sedentary lifestyle

How is PAD Diagnosed?
Your doctor may use a combination of the following tests:

  • Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI): A simple test comparing blood pressure in your ankle and arm.

  • Ultrasound or Doppler Studies: To visualize blood flow and detect blockages.

  • Angiography: In some cases, imaging tests are used to provide a detailed picture of the blood vessels.

Treatment Options

  • Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and adopting a heart-healthy diet can greatly improve symptoms and overall health.

  • Medications: To manage pain, control risk factors (like high blood pressure or cholesterol), and reduce blood clot risk.

  • Minimally Invasive Procedures: For patients with moderate to severe PAD, procedures like angioplasty or atherectomy may be recommended.

  • Surgery: In advanced cases, surgical options may be considered.

Prevention and Management

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through exercise and a balanced diet help maintain proper circulation and overall vascular health. Early detection through regular check-ups can prevent complications, so routine monitoring is essential if you’re at risk.